这篇文章主要介绍Go语言中的数据类型和构成要素,包括标识符、关键字、运算符、标点符号等。
Hello,world!
和其他语言一样,开始先来个Hello,world
程序:
// 包声明
package main
// 依赖包导入
import "fmt"
// 主函数
func main() {
// 打印 Hello World !
fmt.Println("Hello World !")
}
数据类型
基本类型
-
布尔类型,bool,其值为:
true
或者false
-
数值类型
uint8 the set of all unsigned 8-bit integers (0 to 255) uint16 the set of all unsigned 16-bit integers (0 to 65535) uint32 the set of all unsigned 32-bit integers (0 to 4294967295) uint64 the set of all unsigned 64-bit integers (0 to 18446744073709551615) int8 the set of all signed 8-bit integers (-128 to 127) int16 the set of all signed 16-bit integers (-32768 to 32767) int32 the set of all signed 32-bit integers (-2147483648 to 2147483647) int64 the set of all signed 64-bit integers (-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807) float32 the set of all IEEE-754 32-bit floating-point numbers float64 the set of all IEEE-754 64-bit floating-point numbers complex64 the set of all complex numbers with float32 real and imaginary parts complex128 the set of all complex numbers with float64 real and imaginary parts byte alias for uint8 rune alias for int32
-
字符串类型,string
高级类型
-
数组
-
切片
-
字典(Map)
-
函数(Function)
-
接口(Interface)
-
结构体(Struct)
标识符
标识符,从字面意思来说,就是用来标识变量、类型等程序实体的符号。标识符只能由字母、下划线(_)和数字组成,且第一个字符必须为字母或下划线。
有一些标识符是程序源码中预定义的标识符:
-
基本数据类型
bool
byte
complex64
complex128
error
float32
float64
int
int8
int16
int32
int64
rune
string
uint
uint8
uint16
uint32
uint64
uintptr
-
常量
true
false
iota
-
空值
nil
-
内置函数
append
cap
close
complex
copy
delete
imag
len
make
new
panic
print
println
real
recover
关键字
关键字是编程语言保留的字符序列,不能用作标识符:
break default func interface select
case defer go map struct
chan else goto package switch
const fallthrough if range type
continue for import return var
运算符和标点符号
运算符包括赋值运算符:
+ & += &= && == != ( )
- | -= |= || < <= [ ]
* ^ *= ^= <- > >= { }
/ << /= <<= ++ = := , ;
% >> %= >>= -- ! ... . :
&^ &^=